Breeding Short-Tailed Opossums (STOs) can be a rewarding but risky and challenging process that requires careful planning, attention, and knowledge. Whether you're a first-time breeder or an experienced caretaker, it’s critical to understand the dangers, the breeding process, and proper husbandry to ensure the safety of both animals.
Understand the Risks
Breeding STOs comes with serious risks. Female STOs can maim or kill the male, especially if not introduced properly or left together too long. In some cases, the female or the entire litter may be harmed. Careful planning and constant supervision are essential during the breeding period.
Induced Ovulation: How STOs Are Different
Unlike most mammals that enter heat on a predictable cycle, female Short-Tailed Opossums are induced ovulators—they ovulate in response to the presence of a male. This means timing and careful introductions are key. Females may not be receptive immediately, and aggression can occur if she is not ready. Once mating occurs or her heat has passed, the male must be removed promptly to prevent aggression.
Choosing the Right Mating Pair
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Sexual maturity: Females are typically ready to breed at 4–6 months old, males at around 5–6 months.
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Avoid inbreeding; always pair genetically unrelated animals.
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Consider temperament and health when selecting a breeding pair.
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STOs can have multiple litters per year, but overbreeding should be avoided to protect the female’s health.
Preparing for Breeding
Set up a proper breeding environment before introducing the pair:
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Provide a Sturdy Nest Box for comfort and safety.
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Keep the daylight schedule consistent (usually 12 hours on/off).
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Most breeders place the male into the female’s cage, but other methods include connecting cages or moving the female.
Introducing the Pair
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Pair them during daylight hours, when they are naturally less active.
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Monitor closely for threatening behavior like chasing, vocalizing, or lunging.
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A little tension is normal at first, but separate immediately if aggression escalates.
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Record the date of introduction—this will help determine mating timelines and when to separate the pair.
Monitoring for Mating Behavior
Mating can happen quickly but most often occurs 7–9 days after introduction. Signs of successful mating may include:
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The male grooming the female
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Repeated mounting behavior
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A sudden shift in the female’s behavior (increased aggression toward the male after ovulation)
When to Separate the Pair
Even if you don’t witness mating:
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Separate the pair by day 12–14 after initial introduction.
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If mating is observed between days 6–10, remove the male immediately.
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A sudden increase in female aggression around day 8–9 is often a sign she is no longer receptive.
Nutrition Tip:
Breeding females and growing young need optimal nutrition to support their energy and developmental needs. At Exotic Nutrition, we recommend our Opossum Complete Opossum Food. A healthy diet strengthens immune function and supports reproductive health—giving your opossums the best chance for success.
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Notice: Exotic Nutrition cannot provide specific care guidelines on an individual basis. Please consult a veterinarian or experienced breeder.
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